To run older Python2 code examples with Python3 usually takes just a few modification. Python3 actually has a program called 2to3.py that will do that for you. Sooner or later it will be mostly Python3. So get version 3 of Python and a good IDE and start coding.
Andreas, in any forum you will have people that don't know how to ask a proper question. I share with you the destain of folks that make their problem a guessing game for the helpers, slowly revealing what they actually want.
def lap_average(lap1, lap2):
# get minutes, seconds, centiseconds
m1, s1, c1 = [int(x) for x in lap1.split(':')]
m2, s2, c2 = [int(x) for x in lap2.split(':')]
# form a list of centisecond values
tlist1 = [m1*60*100, s1*100, c1]
tlist2 = [m2*60*100, s2*100, c2]
# get the total centiseconds
centis = sum(tlist1) + sum(tlist2)
# take integer average
centis = centis // 2
# get minutes, seconds from centiseconds
seconds, centis = divmod(centis, 100)
minutes, secs = divmod(seconds, 60)
print('-'*33)
print("Given lap times %s %s" % (lap1, lap2))
print("Average time = %02d:%02d:%02d" % (minutes, secs, centis))
# test times
lap_average('03:40:00', '05:20:00')
lap_average('03:00:02', '02:00:00')
lap_average('02:25:50', '06:50:75')
lap_average('00:02:00', '00:03:00')
lap_average('00:02:20', '00:04:40')
lap_average('02:40:40', '03:30:30')
lap_average('02:60:30', '60:40:40')
''' result ...
---------------------------------
Given lap times 03:40:00 05:20:00
Average time = 04:30:00
---------------------------------
Given lap times 03:00:02 02:00:00
Average time = 02:30:01
---------------------------------
Given lap times 02:25:50 06:50:75
Average time = 04:38:12
---------------------------------
Given lap times 00:02:00 00:03:00
Average time = 00:02:50
---------------------------------
Given lap times 00:02:20 00:04:40
Average time = 00:03:30
---------------------------------
Given lap times 02:40:40 03:30:30
Average time = 03:05:35
---------------------------------
Given lap times 02:60:30 60:40:40
Average time = 31:50:35
'''
If you have the Windows OS, maybe you should look into Portable Python and run your code from a USB flashcard, and also use the PyScripter IDE that comes with it.
The average would be (lap1 + lap2)/2 you would have to add the lap times as milliseconds then take the result and recreate the minutes:seconds:milliseconds format
You need to update the canvas as shown. Otherwise the Tkinter event loop just waits till time.sleep(5) is done.
import ImageTk
import tkMessageBox
from Tkinter import*
from turtle import *
import time
root = Tk() #main window
canvas = Canvas(root, width=800, height=480, bg="white")
canvas.grid(column=1, rowspan=6, row=0, columnspan=5)
start=ImageTk.PhotoImage(file="start.gif")
after_prymase2a=ImageTk.PhotoImage(file="after_prymase2a.gif")
canvas.create_image(200,400,image=start)
canvas.update() # needed to do one pic at a time
time.sleep(5)
canvas.create_image(100,100,image=after_prymase2a)
root.mainloop()
Now I have a few questions to out international friends.
This is what I get from my computer here in the USA:
# run on a computer set to English language
import string
eng_letters = string.letters
print(eng_letters)
'''my result -->
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
'''
Here are my questions:
What does string.letters look like in your country?
Does isalpha() include the alphabet of your country?
Could you post the results of string.letters so we can use that constant? (Maybe they are published somewhere?)
import string
allowed_alpha = string.ascii_letters + string.whitespace
# a test name
name = "Mark Zumkoff"
# gives False because of space
print(name.isalpha())
# this test allows spaces
if all(c in allowed_alpha for c in name):
print(name)
else:
print("not an allowed name")
# sum some data of a csv file
raw_data = '''\
Station Name,Lat,Long,Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec
Test 1,45.125478,-105.623154,3.12,0.15,0.08,0.61,0.67,1.24,2.32,1.06,0.64,0.07,0.32,1.02
Test 2,42.854123,-106.321587,0.09,3.15,1.61,0.03,0.84,1.62,3.01,1.51,0.81,0.02,0.23,1.09
Test 3,43.974532,-105.896214,2.65,2.01,0.05,3.02,1.05,0.08,0.08,1.06,0.43,0.65,0.12,1.06
'''
# create the test data file
fname = "mydata.csv"
with open(fname, "w") as fout:
fout.write(raw_data)
# read the data file
data_list = []
for line in open(fname):
# remove trailing newline char
line = line.rstrip()
# create a list
line_list = line.split(',')
data_list.append(line_list)
# create a months dictionary with month:index pairs
mdict = {}
for ix, item in enumerate(data_list[0]):
print(ix, item) # test
if ix > 2:
mdict[item] = ix
print(mdict) # test
print('-'*70)
month_start = 'Apr'
month_end = 'Jul'
new_list = []
for item in data_list[1:]:
#print(item) # test
station = item[0]
lat = item[1]
long = item[2]
start = mdict[month_start]
end = mdict[month_end]+1
plist = [float(x) for x in item[start : end]]
print(plist) # test
mysum = sum(plist)
new_list.append([station, lat, long, mysum])
print('-'*70)
print("Result:")
for item in new_list:
print(item)
Execution speed is probably of limited interest for a beginner. Concentrate on learning the basics of Python rather thoroughly. Any program that has display updates and disk access in it, is limited a lot by those operations anyway! Either Python 2.6 or Python 2.7 will do fine for you. Why not use Python 2.7, the most advanced of the Python2 versions.
Here is a typical example of multiple radiobuttons using the Tkinter GUI toolkit:
# exploring multiple Tkinter radio buttons
# radio buttons only allow one item to be selected/checked
# ene
try:
# Python2
import Tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
# Python3
import tkinter as tk
def rb_selected():
# show checked/selected radio button item
ix = rb_v.get()
label['text'] = 'you selected %s' % mylist[ix]
root = tk.Tk()
# used by the radio buttons as index
rb_v = tk.IntVar()
mylist = [
'apple',
'orange',
'banana',
'pear',
'apricot'
]
# list(range()) needed for Python3
rb = list(range(len(mylist)))
for ix, text in enumerate(mylist):
# command is optional and responds to any rb changes
rb[ix] = tk.Radiobutton(root, text=text, value=ix,
variable=rb_v, command=rb_selected)
rb[ix].grid(row=ix, column=0, sticky='w')
label = tk.Label(root, width=20)
label.grid(row=ix+1, column=0, pady=5, sticky='w')
# you can preset one radio button
# default is first button (ix=0)
rb_v.set(2)
# show initial selection
rb_selected()
root.mainloop()
I am sure you can adapt it to your purposes easily. Just play around with the code a little.
Python has a pretty fast algorithm built-in called an adaptive merge sort. Here is an example:
# sort a list of names without changing the original list
# uses the high speed sorting algorithm built-into Python
name_list1 = ['Frank', 'Mark', 'Hank', 'Zoe', 'Bob', 'Carl', 'Al']
name_list2 = sorted(name_list1)
print "Original:"
print name_list1
print "Sorted:"
print name_list2
"""my output -->
Original:
['Frank', 'Mark', 'Hank', 'Zoe', 'Bob', 'Carl', 'Al']
Sorted:
['Al', 'Bob', 'Carl', 'Frank', 'Hank', 'Mark', 'Zoe']
"""
If you have to create your own sorting algorithm, go with a selection sort. It is relatively slow, but rather easy to understand.
A selection sort of a list of numbers is pretty simple. You start with two lists, let's call the original unsorted list the start_list and you have another list call it the end_list which is empty at the start.
If you want to sort ascending (lowest value first) you get the lowest value of start_list using lowest = min(start_list) and append it to the end_list with end_list.append(lowest). Now remove this value from the start_list with start_list.remove(lowest) and repeat until the start_list is empty and return the end_list with the sorted values. The repeat can be done with a while loop.
