I would instead of using seperate variables for the different materials, use a dictionary
#-*- coding: cp1252 -*-
substances = {
'aluminium':0.000023,
'concrete':0.000012,
'silver':0.000019,
'gold':0.000014,
'copper':0.000017,
'glass':0.000008,
}
a = raw_input("enter substance: ")
l = float(raw_input("give original length: "))
t = float(raw_input("how much the temperature changes: "))
answer = substances[a]*l*t
print answer
be aware that it will be case sensitive and Aluminium won't be recognised whereas aluminium is