kemo_saleh 0 Newbie Poster

As any experienced programmer must know the famous problem of "Edit Distance", however this

problem is considered an “alternating chain” if you have alternately made case sensitive.

Example:

"AaAaAbB" "B" "a" "aBaCdEf"

Alternating chains are considered in our problem.

We only have one operation that is permitted in exchange for a lower or upper case Latin letter.

Given a string giving the minimum number of changes to be considered an alternating chain.

Input

A string with no spaces line containing only uppercase and lowercase letters, one for each line of

maximum length 10 ^ 3 until end of file

Output

For each line print the minimum number of changes to the chain is a "chain alternately"

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