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In the context of multithreading.
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A race condition happens when correct program behavior depends on the relative timing of two or more threads that access the same mutable state. In Java this commonly shows up when a seemingly simple operation like count++ is used from multiple threads: the read-modify-write sequence is not atomic, so interleavings can produce lost updates or corrupted results. OP asked for the context; and pointed to solid background reading that explains the mechanics and common symptoms.

Practical mitigation strategies are straightforward and well supported by the JDK: avoid shared mutable state when possible (use immutability or thread confinement), use synchronized or ReentrantLock to protect compound actions, or use atomic classes like AtomicInteger / LongAdder for counters. Prefer the high-level concurrency utilities (ExecutorService, concurrent collections such as ConcurrentHashMap) rather than ad hoc thread control. Note that volatile guarantees visibility only and does not make compound operations atomic.

Detecting and debugging race conditions requires stress testing and focused inspection: run repeated concurrent tests, add deterministic logging with thread ids and sequence numbers, and use static analyzers or concurrency testing tools for microbenchmarks. For concise, authoritative explanations see the Java tutorial on race conditions (Oracle tutorial on race conditions) and a general overview (Race condition — Wikipedia). 's JavaWorld piece and 's performance chapter remain useful historical references.

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