/*
    Beginning Game Programming, Third Edition
    Chapter 3
    Direc3D_Windowed program
*/

#include <windows.h>
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")

//program settings
const string APPTITLE = "Direct3D_Windowed";
const int SCREENW = 1024;
const int SCREENH = 768;

//Direct3D objects
LPDIRECT3D9 d3d = NULL; 
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev = NULL; 

bool gameover = false;

//macro to detect key presses
#define KEY_DOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)


/**
 ** Game initialization function
 **/
bool Game_Init(HWND window)
{
    MessageBox(window, "Game_Init", "BREAKPOINT", 0);

    //initialize Direct3D
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
    if (d3d == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(window, "Error initializing Direct3D", "Error", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

    //set Direct3D presentation parameters
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; 
    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREENW;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREENH;
    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = window;

    //create Direct3D device
    d3d->CreateDevice(
        D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, 
        D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, 
        window,
        D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
        &d3dpp, 
        &d3ddev);

    if (d3ddev == NULL)
    {
        MessageBox(window, "Error creating Direct3D device", "Error", MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

    return true;
}

/**
 ** Game update function
 **/
void Game_Run(HWND hwnd)
{
    //make sure the Direct3D device is valid
    if (!d3ddev) return;

    //clear the backbuffer to bright green
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0);
    
    //start rendering
    if (d3ddev->BeginScene())
    {
        //do something?
    
        //stop rendering
        d3ddev->EndScene();

        //copy back buffer on the screen
        d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }

    //check for escape key (to exit program)
    if (KEY_DOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
        PostMessage(hwnd, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0);
}

/**
 ** Game shutdown function
 **/
void Game_End(HWND hwnd)
{
    //display close message
    MessageBox(hwnd, "Program is about to end", "Game_End", MB_OK);

    //free memory
    if (d3ddev) d3ddev->Release();
    if (d3d) d3d->Release();
}


/**
 ** Windows event handling function
 **/
LRESULT WINAPI WinProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
    switch( msg )
    {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            gameover = true;
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
    }
    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}

/**
 ** Main Windows entry function
 **/
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    //set the new window's properties
    //previously found in the MyRegisterClass function
    WNDCLASSEX wc;
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); 
    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)WinProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon         = NULL;
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = APPTITLE.c_str();
    wc.hIconSm       = NULL;
    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    //create a new window
    //previously found in the InitInstance function
    HWND window = CreateWindow( APPTITLE.c_str(), APPTITLE.c_str(),
       WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
       CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
       SCREENW, SCREENH,
       NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    //was there an error creating the window?
    if (window == 0) return 0;

    //display the window
    ShowWindow(window, nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(window);
    
    //initialize the game
    if (!Game_Init(window)) return 0;


    // main message loop
    MSG message;
    while (!gameover)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(&message, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) 
        {
            TranslateMessage(&message);
            DispatchMessage(&message);
        }

        Game_Run(window);
    }

    Game_End(window);

    return message.wParam;
}

That's my code... im working out of a book so sorry i'm not sure what i can and can't delete to make it shorter. I need to compile it and whenever i do these are the errors i get...

1>------ Build started: Project: Direct3D_Windowed, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Build started 3/25/2011 9:58:28 PM.
1>InitializeBuildStatus:
1>  Touching ".\Debug\Direct3D_Windowed.unsuccessfulbuild".
1>ClCompile:
1>  All outputs are up-to-date.
1>winmain.obj : warning LNK4075: ignoring '/EDITANDCONTINUE' due to '/INCREMENTAL:NO' specification
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__MessageBoxA@16 referenced in function "bool __cdecl Game_Init(struct HWND__ *)" (?Game_Init@@YA_NPAUHWND__@@@Z)
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__PostMessageA@16 referenced in function "void __cdecl Game_Run(struct HWND__ *)" (?Game_Run@@YAXPAUHWND__@@@Z)
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__GetAsyncKeyState@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl Game_Run(struct HWND__ *)" (?Game_Run@@YAXPAUHWND__@@@Z)
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__DefWindowProcA@16 referenced in function "long __stdcall WinProc(struct HWND__ *,unsigned int,unsigned int,long)" (?WinProc@@YGJPAUHWND__@@IIJ@Z)
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__PostQuitMessage@4 referenced in function "long __stdcall WinProc(struct HWND__ *,unsigned int,unsigned int,long)" (?WinProc@@YGJPAUHWND__@@IIJ@Z)
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__DispatchMessageA@4 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__TranslateMessage@4 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__PeekMessageA@20 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__UpdateWindow@4 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__ShowWindow@8 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__CreateWindowExA@48 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__RegisterClassExA@4 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__GetStockObject@4 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>winmain.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__LoadCursorA@8 referenced in function _WinMain@16
1>.\Debug/Direct3D_Windowed.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 14 unresolved externals
1>
1>Build FAILED.
1>
1>Time Elapsed 00:00:04.22
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Im not sure what i'm supposed to do now. For the record i'm working out of a directX9 book but i installed the directx10 SDK. does that matter? and what do i do? I've already added D3D9.LIB into my additional dependencies under properties and declared it at the top of my code... Thanks and PLEASE help.

What compiler are you using? I just successfully compiled/linked using vc++ 2010 Express. First created an empty win32 project, added a *.cpp file and copied your code into it. Compiler and linked without any warnings or errors.

Maybe you created a standard console project instead of a win32 project?

Wow, i feel like a tard. I had my example project on my thumb drive and when i compiled it it didn't have any of the libraries it needed for direct X so it didn't compile. thanks for your help though.

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