why echo "\v\v\v" prints
\v\v\v

while
echo "this is a
moron"

prints:
this is a
moron

why \n was escaped but \v not?

echo -e

You're not printing a \n, you're printing a literal linefeed.

If you had written
echo "this is a\nmoron"
you would still be in the same position as with all the \v's

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