Computer Science Forum

Language modeling is the cornerstone of advanced natural language processing, forming the backbone for cutting-edge technologies like ChatGPT. At its core, it involves predicting words based on context, a fundamental principle underlying modern large language Models (LLMs). There are various techniques for language modeling, with attention mechanisms emerging as the …

In this tutorial, you will learn to fine-tune a [Hugging Face Transformers model](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/index) for video classification in PyTorch. The Hugging Face documentation provides an example of performing video classification using the Hugging Face Trainer with one of Hugging Face's built-in datasets. However, the process of fine-tuning a video transformer on …

## Introduction ## In the realm of computer vision, [Vision Transformers (ViTs)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929) revolutionized image processing by employing self-attention mechanisms, allowing for a non-sequential analysis of images. ViTs are instrumental in capturing intricate patterns and long-range dependencies, making them invaluable for tasks like image recognition and object detection. Hugging Face, a …

In one of my research projects, I needed to extract text from video files and create a CSV file that included sentiments expressed in the text. Manual extraction was time-consuming and costly. So, I explored Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems and discovered OpenAI [Whisper](https://openai.com/research/whisper), known for its high accuracy in …

In a previous article, I showed you [how to analyze sentiments using Chat-GPT and data augmentation techniques](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/540502/sentiment-analysis-with-data-augmentation-using-chatgpt#post2293643). Following that, some readers reached out, asking for a breakdown of fine-tuning a Chat-GPT model. In this article, I will guide you through fine-tuning your Chat-GPT model using your own data. First, I'll …

In my recent journey of developing various AI solutions powered by Language Models (LLMs), a significant question has emerged: Should we harness the capabilities of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), or should we opt for the path of custom fine-tuning? This decision can profoundly impact the performance and adaptability of our …

Construct an algorithm that has input an integer n ≥ 1, numbers x0, x1,...,xn, and a number x and that produces as output the product (x-xo)(x-x1)(x - xn).

Data annotation for text classification is time-consuming and expensive. In the case of smaller training datasets, pre-trained ChatGPT models might achieve higher classification accuracy on test sets than training classifiers from scratch or fine-tuning existing models. Additionally, ChatGPT can aid in annotating data for fine-tuning text classification models. In this …

I am trying to understand Boyer Moore algorithm & KMP algorithm (Knuth Morris Pratt)? I tried some places like GeeksForGeeks, TutorialsPoint etc. But I have still some doubts. If you guys have some resources or videos where these algorithms are explained in somewhat simple terms, please share them. First I …

A small airline has just purchased a computer for its new automated reservations system. You have been asked to develop the new system. You’re to write an application to assign seats on each flight of the airline’s only plane (the capacity of the plane is 10 seats of the same …

A/B testing is a method of comparing two versions of a web page or app to determine which one performs better. It is a powerful tool for optimizing websites and apps, as it allows businesses to make data-driven decisions about the design and functionality of their online platforms. With A/B …

will you kindly tell me how to make Instagram bots, Instagram bot followers? What is the step-by-step approach of it with programming? I want to make it by myself.

## Introduction ## I was working on a problem where I had to scrape tweets related to the T20 Cricket World Cup 2022, which is currently taking place in Australia. I wanted tweets containing location names (cities) and the keyword “T20”. In the response, I want the user names of …

## Introduction ## In this tutorial, you will see how to convert the text in CSV file columns to other languages using the [DeepL API](https://www.deepl.com/translator) in the Python programing language. DeepL is one of the most popular and accurate text translation platforms. DeepL, as the name suggests, incorporates advanced deep …

**Numerologists claim to be able to determine a person's character traits based on the "numeric value" of a name. The value of a name is determined by summing up the values of the letters of the name. For example, the name *Zelle* would have the value 26 + 5 + …

## Introduction ## I was recently working on a project that required me to extract location information from the [OpenStreetMap](https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=15/51.5226/-0.1567), an open license map database of the world. The OpenStreetMap database allows you to extract location data along with the location meta information in the form of tags. My task …

hello, I am currently struggling so bad in understanding Java and how to implement the codes. I have to implement two subclasses for Canadian and US postal code in Java. For Canadian Postal code, a valid postal postal code has the rule: positions at 0,2,5 are letters. Positions at 1,4,6 …

In my [previous articles](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/538512/finding-inter-annotator-agreement-between-three-annotators-in-python#post2287428), I explained how you could apply heuristic and statistical approaches for finding inter-annotator agreement between multiple annotators. However, while applying those approaches, I found that finding inter-annotator agreement in the case of multi-label ranked data is a difficult task, and traditional inter-annotator agreement techniques will almost …

Can someone please give me tips on how to accomplish generating a random number within a random range. See 'roll_dice' #include <iostream> #include <limits> #include <ctime> #include <iomanip> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; using std::cout; using std::cin; struct Sanity { unsigned int turns = std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); unsigned int sanity = std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); …

Is there a way to know if the lists inside a list contain the same elements with python? For example: Return True if given list [['A', 'B'], ['A', 'B'], ['A', 'B']] or False if given list [['B', 'C'], ['Z', 'C']]

In my [previous tutorial](https://www.daniweb.com/programming/computer-science/tutorials/538512/finding-inter-annotator-agreement-between-three-annotators-in-python), I explained how I implemented heuristic approaches for finding inter-annotator agreement between three annotators. Heuristic approaches are excellent for understanding the degree of agreement between multiple annotators. However, you should back your analysis with statistical evidence. This is where statistical techniques for inter-annotator agreement come into …

Create a java application that will convert unit length from Metric to English system. The user will be asked to enter a Metric unit and then it will display the equivalent value to unit of English System. Use metric system like centimer, diameter, meter, etc. while use English system such …

I recently worked on a research project where I had to find the inter-annotator agreement for tweets annotated by three annotators. Inter annotator agreement refers to the degree of agreement between multiple annotators. The quality of annotated (also called labeled) data is crucial to developing a robust statistical model. Therefore, …

It must represent a point in the Cartesian plane

The purpose of the program is to tell the user that the weekly salary is in on of three ranges, less than 200, between 200 and 800 and greater than 800. I need help knowing the error/s and need to add and use one additional preprocessor directive that might help …

Write a return function called averageFourTemperatures that accepts 4 integers in the parameter list, returns the average. In the main function prompt the user for 4 temperatures and them in separate appropriately named variables. Call the averageFourTemperatures, passing values and printing the returned average to the console.

Write a program that converts temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius .The formula is C = (5.0/9.0) (F-32)

public class Clock { private int newHour; private int newMinutes; private int newSeconds; public Clock () { } public Clock (int newHour, int newMinutes, int newSeconds) { this.newHour = newHour; this.newMinutes = newMinutes; this.newSeconds = newSeconds; } public int getNewHour(int newHour){ return this.newHour; } public int getNewMinutes (int newMinutes){ return …

Hello, I'm trying to make a login code for my game algorithm but it isn't working as I want it to so can someone help to stop my loops from repeating when I don't want it to please? ``` def login(): username = input("Enter username: ") password = input("Enter password: …